Which of the following is an impact of water insecurity?

Selecting climate change as an impact of water insecurity highlights the complex interrelationships between water availability, environmental conditions, and human activities. Water insecurity—characterized by insufficient access to safe water for drinking, sanitation, and irrigation—can exacerbate the effects of climate change by stressing ecosystems, reducing agricultural productivity, and leading to higher competition for already limited resources.

When water is scarce, ecosystems can become destabilized, leading to negative feedback loops that can influence weather patterns and alter local climates. For example, if agricultural practices are negatively affected by water shortages, this can lead to land degradation and deforestation, which in turn can contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions—further driving climate change.

In contrast, the other options represent scenarios that are either less directly related to water insecurity or do not clearly emerge as consequences of it. Increased industrialization might lead to higher water demand, but does not stem from water insecurity itself. Better sanitation is usually a goal of improved water management, while reduced population growth isn't a direct result of water scarcity; rather, population dynamics are influenced by a multitude of social and economic factors.