Which of the following best describes decomposition?

The correct response highlights the breakdown of organic matter by decomposers, which is a fundamental process in ecosystems. Decomposition involves various microorganisms, fungi, and detritivores breaking down dead organic material, such as plant and animal waste. This process is essential for nutrient cycling in ecosystems, as it transforms complex organic substances into simpler inorganic substances, making nutrients available for uptake by plants and contributing to soil health.

During decomposition, these organisms not only recycle nutrients but also contribute to the formation of humus, enhancing the soil structure and fertility. This process plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by ensuring that energy and nutrients are continually available to support life. Understanding decomposition is key to grasping larger environmental concepts, such as ecosystem productivity and sustainability.