Which of the following are considered abiotic factors in an ecosystem?

Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that influence the environment and the living organisms that inhabit it. These factors include elements such as water, light, temperature, soil, and air. In this context, water and light play crucial roles in the functioning of ecosystems; water is necessary for survival and growth of living organisms, while light is essential for photosynthesis, which supports plant life and, consequently, all other life forms that depend on plants for energy.

The other options consist of living organisms: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, insects, and worms, all of which are classified as biotic factors. These are the components of an ecosystem that involve interactions among living organisms and their environment. Understanding the distinction between abiotic and biotic factors is essential for studying ecosystem dynamics and the roles each component plays in sustaining life.