What sampling method allows each member of a population to have an equal chance of selection?

Random sampling is a method that ensures every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a study or survey. This approach relies on randomization to eliminate biases that can occur in the selection process. By using random sampling, researchers can obtain a representative sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the entire population, enhancing the validity of their findings.

In this method, selection can be achieved through various techniques, such as a random number generator or drawing names from a hat, which reinforces the principle of giving each individual an equal opportunity to be included in the sample. This contrasts with other methods, such as systematic, stratified, or convenience sampling, where the selection process might inadvertently favor certain segments of the population or rely on the researcher's judgement, potentially leading to biased outcomes.