What phenomenon does the greenhouse effect primarily trap?

The greenhouse effect primarily traps infrared radiation. This phenomenon occurs when the Earth's surface absorbs solar energy, warms up, and then emits this energy in the form of infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor in the atmosphere allow sunlight to enter but absorb and re-radiate the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth. This process keeps the planet warm and is crucial for maintaining the climate, as it increases the average temperature of the Earth, making it suitable for life.

While ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and visible light play roles in the Earth’s energy balance and atmospheric chemistry, they do not contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect. Ultraviolet rays are mostly absorbed by the ozone layer and do not reach the surface in substantial amounts. X-rays have very high energy and are largely absorbed by the atmosphere before reaching the surface. Visible light can penetrate the atmosphere and reach the ground, but it is the infrared radiation released from the surface that is primarily responsible for the warming effect associated with the greenhouse gases.