What is the purpose of transect sampling in environmental studies?

Transect sampling is primarily used in environmental studies to investigate the distribution of organisms within specific habitats. The method involves setting up a line, called a transect, along which measurements or observations are taken. By counting organisms that are found near this line, researchers can gather data on species density and distribution patterns, which can provide insights into how different environmental factors influence biodiversity.

This approach is especially valuable in studies of ecosystems that may be changing due to factors like climate change or human activity, as it allows for the systematic assessment of population changes across varying environmental gradients. The random placement of transects helps ensure that the sampling is representative of the larger area, reducing bias in the data collection process.