What is a consequence of habitat modification by invasive species?

Invasive species often disrupt local ecosystems by outcompeting native species for resources such as food, space, and light. This competition can lead to a decline or even extinction of native species, which are often not adapted to deal with the threats posed by the newcomers. The introduction of invasive species can result in significant changes to habitat structure and composition, thereby negatively impacting the survival of native flora and fauna.

Examples of this can include the introduction of non-native plants that spread rapidly, displacing native plants and altering the habitat in a way that is detrimental to local wildlife. As these invasive species establish themselves, they can also contribute to diseases that affect native species, thus further threatening their survival.

In contrast, options that suggest benefits such as restoration of native plants, improvement of ecosystem services, or universal benefits to all species reflect a misunderstanding of the ecological dynamics in play when invasive species are involved. Native species, being specifically adapted to their environment, often struggle when faced with the changes brought about by invasive competitors, leading to the conclusion that negative effects on the survival of native species are a direct consequence of habitat modification by invasive species.