What does mismanagement of irrigation predominantly lead to?

The mismanagement of irrigation predominantly leads to salinisation of soil due to improper water application techniques and excessive water usage. When irrigation is not managed correctly, water can accumulate in the soil, causing minerals, particularly salts, to rise closer to the surface. As water evaporates, it leaves these salts behind, which can build up over time and create a saline environment that is detrimental to plant growth.

Salinisation poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity because many crops struggle to thrive in saline conditions. Excess salts can disrupt the plant's ability to absorb water, leading to reduced crop yields and potentially rendering land unproductive. Proper irrigation management, including practices such as adequate drainage and scheduled watering, is essential to prevent such consequences and maintain soil health.

In contrast, increased crop production, expansion of farmland, and enhanced biodiversity are not typical outcomes of mismanaged irrigation. These options may suggest benefits of proper irrigation, but when irrigation is poorly managed, the negative impact on soil health will ultimately undermine production and agricultural sustainability.